¿POR QUÉ SE ORIGINÓ LA GUERRA ENTRE ISRAEL Y PALESTINA?

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En un ataque sin precedentes, Hamás lanzó un asalto sorpresa contra Israel desde Gaza, causando la muerte de al menos 250 personas. Las milicias palestinas llevaron a cabo una operación cuidadosamente planificada, infiltrando a decenas de milicianos, secuestrando civiles y soldados, y disparando miles de cohetes.

¿Por qué se está dando la guerra?

El ataque se produjo estratégicamente durante el sabbath y un día festivo en Israel, cuando muchas personas estaban celebrando y las defensas militares estaban potencialmente debilitadas. Además, coincidió con el 50 aniversario de la guerra de Yom Kippur, otorgando connotaciones simbólicas al acto.

El origen del conflicto

El conflicto entre palestinos e israelíes se remonta a 1948, con la fundación del estado de Israel en Palestina, tierras bajo mandato británico, las cuales debían dividirse entre israelíes -que habían dejado Europa- y palestinos de acuerdo a una decisión de la ONU.

El 15 de mayo de ese año, un día después de la fundación, Egipto, Siria, Jordania e Irak invadieron ese territorio. Dando inicio a la primera guerra árabe-israelí, resignificada después por los judíos como guerra de la independencia.

Al finalizar ese conflicto, las tierras que debían usarse para un estado árabe se habían reducido a la mitad y 750.000 palestinos debieron dejar el lugar, un hito bautizado por ellos como la Nakba (la catástrofe). Diecinueve años después, llegaría la guerra que acabaría de configurar la expansión del estado de Israel y sellaría el histórico reclamo palestino de recuperar la soberanía en su territorio.

En junio de 1967, Israel en apenas seis días capturó la Franja de Gaza y la península del Sinaí a Egipto (en negociaciones de paz devolvió a El Cairo la península); Cisjordania incluida JerusalénEste a Jordania; y los Altos del Golán a Siria. Entonces, otros 500.000 palestinos debieron huir de esa región.

La ocupación israelí de Cisjordania se mantuvo hasta la firma en 1993 de los acuerdos de Oslo, bajo patrocinio de Estados Unidos. Por el acuerdo, la Organización de Liberación de Palestina (OLP) de Yaser Arafat -agrupación hoy representada por el presidenteMahmud Abás- abandonó a violencia y reconoció el derecho a existir de Israel, dando paso a la creación de la Autoridad Nacional Palestina.

Hamás, formado en Gaza, no aceptó esas propuestas y mantuvo las hostilidades. Israel, en tanto, ocupó ese enclave hasta 2005, sobre el cual actualmente ejerce un bloqueo marítimo en el Mediterráneo y controla la mayoría de los pasos fronterizos terrestres.

¿Qué es Hamás? Significado e historia

Hamás, cuyo nombre en árabe significa “entusiasmo” o “firmeza“. Además, se define como un Movimiento de Resistencia Islámica basado en una organización política y militar palestina, fundada en 1987 durante la Primera Intifada, un levantamiento contra la ocupación israelí en Gaza y Cisjordania.

La ideología de Hamás se basa en el islamismo político, combinando elementos políticos y religiosos. Su plataforma incluye la resistencia armada contra la ocupación israelí y el rechazo a reconocer a Israel como Estado legítimo. Hamás aboga por la creación de un Estadopalestino en toda la tierra de Palestina, incluyendo Israel.

Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea, Japón e Israel clasifican a esta organización como terrorista, ya que sus miembros han sido vinculados con numerosos ataques perpetrados en territorio israelí.

Fuente: Marca

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32 comentarios en «¿POR QUÉ SE ORIGINÓ LA GUERRA ENTRE ISRAEL Y PALESTINA?»

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