La carrera aeroespacial se reedita: el objetivo es Marte

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Ahora es China quien desembarcó en el planeta rojo, con su robot Zhurong. La exploración tendrá 90 días y será en el norte de Marte.

A la derecha, el rover espacial chino. A su izquierda, el explorador Zhurong.

China puso pie en Marte. Lejos quedó en el tiempo la conquista de la luna, que midió las capacidades tecnológicas de las potencias occidentales y soviéticas hace medio siglo. Otrora un frente de guerra sin víctimas, esta misma batalla ahora cambió de escenarios y protagonistas.

Por un lado, Estados Unidos, quien este verano envió su primer explorador aéreo, el Curiosity. El país norteamericano ha visto mermada su capacidad de dominio geopolítico en los últimos años, ante el avance del otro protagonista. El otro es China, que hace poco logró aterrizar su explorador Zhurong y ya está recorriendo suelo marciano. En menos de 30 años, el país oriental logró desplazar del eje geopolítico a Estados Unidos y se consolida como la gran potencia mundial. Pero para ganar hay que competir en todos los frentes.

Con la llegada de Zhurong, China se convierte en el segundo país después de Estados Unidos en poner un robot en el suelo de Marte. Europa, el tercer jugador, lo intentó dos veces y falló. Desde la Administración Espacial Nacional China -CNSA- esperan que el robot explore al menos 90 días Marte.

La misma CNSA publicó algunas fotos de la hazana, que muestran al pequeño explorador recorriendo tierras inhóspitas.

Foto: CNSA.

Nueva tierra

Los registros mostraron en aterrizaje en Marte, calificado de exitoso por los científicos chinos. Primero se desplegaron los paneles solares que proporcionarán energía al robot. Luego, se lanzó la antena para comunicarse con los controladores en China. Finalmente, el rover desplegó una rampa por la que el pequeño Zhurong bajará a explorar Marte.

El sitio de aterrizaje fue Utopia Planitia, al norte del planeta rojo. Allí aterrizó la misión Viking-2 de la NASA, en 1976. Se sospecha que allí hubo un oceano alguna vez, y que hay enormes reservas de hielo bajo la superficie.

El robot pesa unos 240 kg: incluye un equipo de cámaras para fotografíar y navegar, además de instrumentos para investigar la mineralogía de las rocas y la naturaleza del medio ambiente.

Foto: CNSA.

Pesa unos 240 kg. Un mástil alto lleva cámaras para tomar fotografías y ayudar a la navegación; cinco instrumentos adicionales investigarán la mineralogía de las rocas locales y la naturaleza general del medio ambiente, incluido el clima.

Zhurong también tiene una herramienta laser para penetrar rocas y evaluar su química. Esa característica es compartida por el pequeño Curiosity, quien en febrero empezó a volar sobre Marte.

Guido Raza

Decidí que lo mío era la Comunicación a los 15 años. Soy alumno de la Facultad de Comunicación en la UNC y me especializo en Comunicación Institucional. Elegí La Voz Puntana como el lugar para informarme e informarlos.
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