ESTADOS UNIDOS DECLARÓ LA EMERGENCIA SANITARIA POR EL AUMENTO DE CASOS DE VIRUELA DEL MONO

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La medida dará a las agencias federales el poder de acelerar vacunas y medicamentos, acceder a fondos de emergencia y contratar trabajadores adicionales para ayudar a controlar el brote

El Gobierno de Estados Unidos declaró este jueves la emergencia sanitaria nacional por el brote de viruela del mono que vive el país, en el que ya se han registrado miles de contagios, aunque, de momento, ninguna muerte.

Una vez declaración sea oficializada, está será firmada por el HHS (Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, por sus siglas en inglés) después de que la Organización Mundial de la Salud hiciera un anuncio similar el pasado 23 julio. Más allá del impacto simbólico que tiene la declaración de emergencia, la declaración abre las puertas para que el HHS pueda poner en práctica un plan de acción y acceda a fondos federales para evitar que los casos sigan en aumento.

La medida dará a las agencias federales el poder de acelerar vacunas y medicamentos, acceder a fondos de emergencia y contratar trabajadores adicionales para ayudar a controlar el brote, informó The New York Times.

También impulsará las labores de concienciación e información que, según las autoridades, son esenciales para contener los contagios, que avanzan con rapidez en el país.

“Animamos a todos los estadounidenses a que se tomen en serio la viruela del mono y que se responsabilicen para ayudarnos a hacer frente a este virus”, añadió el secretario de Salud.

A comienzos de esta semana, la Casa Blanca anunció la creación de un grupo de respuesta ante la propagación de la viruela del mono, después de sufrir críticas por su lentitud a la hora de comprar vacunas y tratamientos.

La semana pasada, las autoridades sanitarias anunciaron que más de un millón de vacunas contra la enfermedad serían puestas a disposición de los estados en los próximos días, de las cuales ya se han entregado 600.000, anunció Becerra.

Además, esperan recibir otras 150.000 dosis en septiembre, y vacunas adicionales en octubre y noviembre.

El país registra actualmente más de 6.500 contagios de viruela del mono, una cifra muy superior a los 4.600 que se registraban la pasada semana.

“Creo que debemos declarar la emergencia. Tenemos muchos desafíos a lo largo del país por el aumento en el número de casos. No se trata de una emergencia que ponga en riesgo a la población en general, pero es un fenómeno que está en aumento y que tiene potencialidad de extenderse”, indicó Tom Inglesby, director del Centro de Seguridad Sanitaria John Hopkins de la escuela de Salud Pública a Bloomberg.

Uno de los problemas que enfrentan las autoridades sanitarias de EEUU es la escases de la vacuna Jynneos, la cual ha mostrado efectividad contra la viruela del mono. El gobierno de Biden ya enfrentado críticas por mostrar lentitud y no actuar a tiempo para evitar que los casos de la enfermedad aumenten.

Declarar la viruela del mono como una emergencia envía “un fuerte mensaje de que esto es importante, que debe abordarse ahora”, dijo Anne Rimoin, epidemióloga de la Universidad de California en Los Ángeles, y miembro del panel asesor de la OMS sobre la viruela del simio a The New York Times.

Algunas ciudades como Nueva York y San Francisco, y algunos estados, como California e Illinois, ya declararon la emergencia sanitaria en Estados Unidos.

“Hoy declaramos a la viruela del mono como una emergencia de salud pública en la ciudad de Nueva York. Esta declaración, que entra en vigor inmediatamente, permitirá al Departamento de Salud e Higiene Mental de la ciudad de Nueva York (DOHMH) emitir órdenes de emergencia del comisionado bajo el Código de Salud de la ciudad de Nueva York y modificar las disposiciones del Código de Salud para establecer medidas que ayuden a frenar la propagación”, dijeron el alcalde Eric Adams y el comisionado Dr. Ashwin Vasan al emitir oficialmente la declaración el pasado 31 de julio.

La viruela del mono recibió ese nombre en 1958 cuando se detectó en varios simios de laboratorio en Dinamarca. En 1970 se detectó el virus en seres humanos. Se la considera como una enfermedad vírica zoonótica, lo que significa que puede transmitirse de los animales a los humanos. También puede transmitirse de humano a humano. Se sabe que la enfermedad se transmite por contacto directo con las lesiones de un paciente infectado o por superficies contaminadas por las mismas, pero aún se sabe poco sobre la posible presencia de virus en otras muestras biológicas, como saliva, orina o semen.

De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, los síntomas de la viruela símica suelen ser fiebre, dolor de cabeza intenso, dolores musculares, dolor de espalda, poca energía, inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos y erupciones o lesiones en la piel. La erupción suele comenzar en el primer o tercer día de la aparición de la fiebre. Las lesiones pueden ser planas o ligeramente elevadas, llenas de un líquido claro o amarillento, y luego forman una costra, se secan y se caen.

El número de lesiones varía, desde unas pocas hasta varios miles. La erupción suele aparecer en la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies. También pueden aparecer en la boca, los genitales y los ojos.

En la mayoría de los casos, los síntomas de la viruela del mono desaparecen por sí solos en unas pocas semanas, pero, en entre el tres y el seis por ciento de los casos registrados en países donde es endémica, puede dar lugar a complicaciones médicas e incluso a la muerte. Los recién nacidos, los niños y las personas con deficiencias del sistema inmunitario pueden correr el riesgo de padecer síntomas más graves y morir a causa de la enfermedad.

Fuente: Infobae.

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