Vacunación incompleta: los riesgos de no recibir ambas dosis

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La administración de las vacunas en muchos casos no completa las dos dosis. Existen diferencias entre cada vacuna.

En nuestro país la vacuna más utilizada es la Sputnik V.

En nuestro país y en todo el mundo las carencias en la administración de las vacunas son un problema: las inequidades hacen que los llamados países en desarrollo no puedan vacunar al mismo ritmo que los países centrales.

Además de la falta generalizada de vacunas, el problema reside en que las vacunaciones pocas veces están completas. Pese a que todas las vacunas consiguen una protección aceptable tras aplicar dos dosis, son muchos los casos en que solo se recibe la primera.

Por ejemplo, en Argentina la desproporción de casos es preocupante: de los 5.620.411 argentinos que recibieron una dosis, solamente 812.730 recibieron la segunda. El porcentaje de los vacunados con ambas dosis apenas se acerca al 14% del total de inoculados.

Los especialistas piden a todos los que tomaron la primera dosis que esperaran el tiempo mínimo necesario para regresar al centro de vacunación más cercano y completar la vacunación con la segunda dosis. Sin embargo, la espera cambia según la vacuna:

-Con la vacuna Sputnik V y con la china Sinopharm se estima que el intervalo ronda los 28 días.

-La vacuna de Oxford/AstraZeneca tiene un plazo de tolerancia mayor: el periodo de espera es de 3 meses.

Foto de archivo.

¿Qué riesgos conlleva no aplicarse las dos dosis?

El primer peligro radica en tener una protección incompleta. Todas las vacunas alcanzan niveles de protección aceptables exclusivamente bajo la aplicación de dos dosis, en el tiempo sugerido. La única excepción es la vacuna de Johnson&Johnson, cuya efectividad con una sola dosis ha sido demostrada.

Este riesgo conlleva el segundo peligro: la falsa sensación de seguridad. Quienes se apliquen una sola dosis podrían creerse por ello inmunizados contra el Covid-19, y dejarían de respetar las normas de cuidado esenciales: uso del tapabocas, higienización de manos periódica, permitir la circulación del aire en ambientes cerrados y respeto de la distancia social.

Eso podría llevar a un tercer peligro: una suba de casos. Por último, el cuarto riesgo es tener que reiniciar el programa de vacunación en casos donde el intervalo entre dosis sea muy extenso. Los expertos sostienen que en caso de que no se respeten los tiempos entre vacunas, lo más recomendable es comenzar de nuevo para obtener niveles de anticuerpos aceptables. No obstante, implicaría un gasto de recursos y se privaría a otras personas de vacunarse también.

Guido Raza

Decidí que lo mío era la Comunicación a los 15 años. Soy alumno de la Facultad de Comunicación en la UNC y me especializo en Comunicación Institucional. Elegí La Voz Puntana como el lugar para informarme e informarlos.
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