Golpe de Estado en Myanmar: causas y desacuerdos internacionales

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La irrupción militar en el gobierno retrotrae al país al escenario previo a 2011, año en que comenzó la transición democrática.

La Consejera de Estado Aung San Suu Kyi y el premier chino Xi Jinping. Créditos: Reuters.

Aunque las comunicaciones fueron restablecidas, la situación en el país asiático no deja de ser preocupante. Las fronteras fueron cerradas, los vuelos cancelados y desde la cúpula de mando predomina la impermeabilidad informativa. Ante las compras compulsivas, los comercios quedaron desabastecidos. La presencia militar en la calle ha diezmado cualquier intento de manifestarse y ha dejado a la población encerrada en sus casas. Incluso los consulados aconsejan a los extranjeros residentes no salir de sus domicilios.

Las causas del Golpe de Estado de este fin de semana en Myanmar pueden rastrearse en el ámbito local, aunque las influencias internacionales merecen atención.

En primer lugar, la irrupción militar puede verse como un descontento por las elecciones de noviembre: la LND-Liga Nacional para la Democracia- presidida por Suu Kyi obtuvo el 83% de los votos, mientras que el USDP -partido militar- solo consiguió 33 escaños parlamentarios de los 476 disponibles. Analistas políticos destacan lo sorpresivo del comicio, ya que los militares no esperaban una derrota electoral.

Ante ese escenario elevaron una denuncia de fraude, apelado a la irregularidad del proceso aunque sin presentar pruebas. Sin embargo, lo que permitió estas licencias de poder es la constitución de Myanmar, redactada en 2008 durante la anterior ocupación militar. La carta magna se elaboró con el fin de generar un equilibrio entre las fuerzas armadas y las instituciones democráticas: designa para el Ejército el 25% de los votos parlamentarios, y le permite asumir el poder en casos de emergencia.

Militares bloquean la entrada al Parlamento a horas de la primer sesión parlamentaria. Créditos: Reuters.

En el plano internacional, las principales potencias han tomado posturas disimiles. En Occidente predomina el ánimo condenatorio hacia la perdida del proceso democrático: Joe Biden pidió la inmediata restitución del gobierno. Quien también se pronunció al respecto fue Charles Michel, presidente del Consejo Europeo, al exigir el respeto del resultado electoral y la recuperación del proceso democrático.

Sin embargo, quien se mostró más permisivo fue China: sus agencias de prensa oficiales consideran al golpe un «cambio de gabinete». El gigante asiático considera a Myanmar una pieza clave en su proyecto de la Nueva Ruta de la Seda, que le permitirá una salida al Océano Índico y la construcción de oleoductos para terminar con la exportación de barriles crudo. Por este motivo, Xi Jinping debe sostener buenas relaciones, sin importar quien se encuentre al mando.

Guido Raza

Decidí que lo mío era la Comunicación a los 15 años. Soy alumno de la Facultad de Comunicación en la UNC y me especializo en Comunicación Institucional. Elegí La Voz Puntana como el lugar para informarme e informarlos.
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