Día del Trabajador: una fecha de historia y sangre
¿Conocés por qué se celebra el 1° de Mayo? La fecha conmemora a un grupo de trabajadores de Estados Unidos.
Todos los 1° de Mayo se festeja el día del trabajador a lo largo de todo el mundo. La fecha es casi emblemática y suele ser utilizada por muchos para festejar y relajarse. Sin embargo, como casi todos los feriados esconde una historia triste detrás.
La fecha fue elegida a fines de siglo XIX en honor a un grupo de trabajadores estadounidenses: los Mártires de Chicago. Nuestros protagonistas eran sindicalistas anarquistas, ejecutados en 1886 en Estados Unidos por realizar un reclamo laboral.
Pareciera loco en el 2021, pero en aquel momento protestaron para reducir la jornada laboral a 8 horas, ya que solían trabajar hasta 16 horas diarias. Ante la presión de los paros el Presidente de Estados Unidos, Andrew Johnson, promulgó una ley que establecía las 8 horas de trabajo diario.
El problema vino desde el sector empresarial: los dueños de las fábricas decidieron no acatar la medida. En consecuencia, los trabajadores de la ciudad industrial de Chicago iniciaron una huelga el 1º de mayo. Uno de los mártires, llamado Albert Pearsons, juntó a más de 80 mil trabajadores. Fue calificado como «indignante e irrespetuoso» y como un «delirio de lunáticos poco patriotas».
No obstante, el conflicto se extendió a otras ciudades y más de 400 mil obreros se congregaron en 5000 huelgas distintas. Desde el gobierno y el empresariado se temía que haya iniciado la revolución anarquista.
Triste final
La fábrica McCormik de Chicago no reconoció la victoria de los trabajadores: el 1º de mayo sus empleados fueron asesinados a tiros en la puerta de la fábrica.
Al poco tiempo se le inició un juicio a los presuntos iniciadores del conflicto. Las condenas fueron brutales: dos de ellos a cadena perpetua, uno a 15 años de trabajos forzados y cinco a la muerte en la horca.
Estas 8 personas se convirtieron en los Mártires de Chicago, y en su conmemoración se declaró que el 1° de mayo sería el Día Internacional del Trabajador.
Desde La Voz Puntana saludamos a todos los trabajadores en su día.
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