Hoy se celebra el Día Internacional de la Celiaquía

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Todos los 5 de Mayo se conmemora la enfermedad celíaca. Es una fecha para aprender, concientizar y cuidar a nuestros seres queridos.

Foto: Asociación Celíaca Argentina.

Quisiera hacer una aclaración sobre mis primeras líneas: normalmente se habla de la celiaquía como una enfermedad, por los malestares que genera y el daño que causa al no estar diagnosticada. Sin embargo, como celíaco creo que es más apropiado hablar de ella como una condición alimenticia.

La celiaquía es una condición cada vez más común en las sociedades occidentales, por la alta ingesta de alimentos ultraprocesados. Sin embargo, la cantidad de personas que atraviesan esta condición va de la mano con una visibilización cada vez mayor, que hace más amena la existencia de quienes no pueden consumir gluten.

Pero, ¿Qué es el gluten?

Es una proteína derivada de cereales como el trigo, el centeno y la cebada. En nuestro país la sigla TACC alude a estos tres cereales, con la inclusión de la avena, que si bien no posee gluten en nuestro país está contaminada por su modo de elaboración.

Cuando el gluten entra en el organismo de una persona celíaca se genera una respuesta autoinmune: podría decirse que el cuerpo se ataca a si mismo. Los daños, aunque reparables, se dan a nivel intestinal. Las vellosidades intestinales se dañan con la ingesta de gluten, causando una malabsorción de nutrientes y otros síntomas que voy a nombrar a continuación.

¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la celiaquía?

Los síntomas son de lo más variados, haciendo difícil diagnosticar esta condición. Incluso hay pacientes prácticamente asintomáticos. Algunos de los signos de que uno puede ser celíaco son los siguientes: diarrea crónica o malabsortiva, distensión abdominal y dolor, pérdida de peso, desnutrición, anemia, aftas orales, constipación, baja estatura o abortos a repetición, entre otros.

¿Cómo detectar la celiaquía?

Este es un punto clave, ya que actualmente es una de las condiciones más infradiagnosticadas. Se estima que 1 de cada 100 argentinos es celíaco, pero solo el 20% de ellos está diagnosticado. Ahí es cuando se genera el daño real a la salud, así sea solo inconscientemente.

Para detectarla es preciso un análisis de sangre y una biopsia de tejido intestinal, que se hace mediante una endoscopía. Afortunadamente, es un proceso indoloro y dura solo 15 minutos el procedimiento.

¿Cómo hacer el cambio de alimentación?

La celiaquía no tiene cura, pero si seguimos una dieta que excluya el gluten nuestra recuperación es muy favorable. Afortunadamente cada vez son más los productos aptos, aunque cuidado: suelen ser ultraprocesados y no son la opción más saludable.

Desde mi experiencia como celíaco, lo mejor es incorporar alimentos naturales. Comer grandes cantidades de fruta, verdura, cereales sin gluten -hay mijo, sorgo, trigo sarraceno, arroz, entre otros- y alimentos con fibra. La incorporación de legumbres también es un gran punto a favor.

El problema está cuando salimos de casa

Los celíacos tienen problemas a la hora de salir de sus casas. Es complicado salir a comer a un restaurant, o ir a un bar y poder comer algo. Es una situación que muchos atravesamos, a riesgo de comer alimentos que contengan gluten y pasar un mal momento.

Creo que el objetivo de estas fechas conmemorativas es doble: mostrar que ser celíaco no es el fin de la vida -al contrario, te sentís mucho más vivo al poco tiempo de iniciar la dieta-, y empezar a normalizar una condición que podés sufrir vos, tu pareja, tu hijo o tu amigo.

Es importante generar políticas inclusivas para gente que no puede consumir gluten, para que ellos también puedan alimentarse sin riesgos si salen a comer algo y tengan un par más de opciones para elegir.

Los cambios son pequeños, pero valiosos para nosotros.

Guido Raza

Decidí que lo mío era la Comunicación a los 15 años. Soy alumno de la Facultad de Comunicación en la UNC y me especializo en Comunicación Institucional. Elegí La Voz Puntana como el lugar para informarme e informarlos.

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172 comentarios en «Hoy se celebra el Día Internacional de la Celiaquía»

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